Why Marketing Copy Increasingly Fails in the AI Era — From RLHF Alignment Training
Marketing copy's core characteristics — heavy preamble, light conclusions, exaggerated effects, avoided limitations — are the exact opposite of the co…
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What Is the Transformer: The Common Foundation of All Major Language Models
The Transformer is a neural network architecture proposed by Google in 2017 and the shared technical foundation of all major LLMs (GPT, Claude, Gemini…
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Pre-training → SFT → RLHF: How an AI Model Gets “Educated”
Major LLM training has three stages: pre-training (learning language patterns from massive text), SFT supervised fine-tuning (learning how to answer q…
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What Are Logprobs: How to See AI’s “Confidence Score” for Every Word
Logprobs (log probabilities) are confidence scores AI outputs for each generated token — higher values (closer to 0) mean higher confidence in that wo…
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Beam Search: AI Doesn’t Just Walk One Path — It Explores Multiple Answer Routes Simultaneously
Beam Search is a generation strategy where AI doesn't select just one optimal token per step. Instead, it maintains multiple candidate sequences ("bea…
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